從2014回望

編按：踏入2014 年，迷你倉出租在躊躇計劃如何走下去之時，停一停，回望過去，歷史總在告訴我們一些端倪，如何塑造成今天，香港歷史研究者高添強帶我們從1914 年一個時代的終結說起。對西方世界來說，1914 年是一個時代的終結：無知的年代。是年6 月，一次看似無關宏旨的暗殺事件卻把歐洲帶進深淵。由於交戰各國大量使用火炮及被稱為「生命收割機」的高性能機槍，4 年的戰事結果造成1600 多萬名軍民喪生，另外超過2000 萬人受到不同程度的傷害，成為人類歷史——特別是西方世界的一場大浩劫。其荒謬之處在於戰爭爆發前，沒有人會想到一場大戰已迫在眉睫，即使戰事開始擴大，不少參戰國的人民乃至當權者仍樂觀地估計戰爭大概會在聖誕前結束。歐洲列強皇親國戚歐洲列強之間雖然存在競爭，不過這些競爭其實於近代從未停止，1914 年並不算愈演愈烈。與二戰或冷戰時期不同，當時列強間沒有深層次矛盾，更沒有文化衝突，不少歐洲皇室成員之間都有�千絲萬縷的姻親關係，如德皇和英皇原是表親，而主要交戰國的國民大都信奉基督，並以基督教又或天主教為國教，以致戰爭初期一度出現不可思議的怪事：先前還互相廝殺的英德軍人，於聖誕節竟私下協議暫時停戰，雙方然後走出戰壕，於「無人地帶」互相問好，閒話家常，甚至交換禮物！一戰重創歐洲整整一代人，直到今天，走到英國的小鎮，往往仍可見到一座座的紀念碑，紀念一個世紀前於這場不明不白戰爭中陣亡的年輕人。英國是一戰的主要交戰國，作為其海外殖民地，戰事爆發後香港也立刻進入戰爭狀�。當時香港人口50 萬，因懼怕戰爭波及，約10 萬居民陸續離港回鄉，至戰爭結束才回港。整體來說，由於戰場主要位於歐洲，一戰對香港的影響不算太大，今天留下來的有關文物或歷史建築不多，包括不久前宣布為法定古蹟的中環和平紀念碑，以及設於動植物公園入口處、紀念一戰時期到歐洲戰場從事雜務的華工紀念碑（不過碑上卻沒有清楚說明）。此外，位於跑馬地的香港墳場（舊稱紅毛墳場）內，仍留下兩處一戰時期德軍戰俘墓碑。二戰前，皇后像廣場前匯豐銀行原建有一座紀念碑，以紀念於大戰期間回英參軍卻不幸陣亡的前匯豐銀行職員，可惜這座紀念碑卻於日佔時期遭日人拆�。當時香港是怎樣的社會？自19 世紀末至20 世紀初，隨�華商的興起，香港已成為南中國乃至東南亞地區的商業中心，更是中國進出口貿易的最重要的據點。以1913 年來說，是年進出香港的船舶數目接近22,000 艘（這些船舶大都是有一定噸位的輪船而不是開埠初期的帆船），總噸位約為2300 萬噸， 與1891 年的680 萬噸相比，增加了迷你倉 倍有多。英國在香港轉口港貿易中雖仍佔有優勢，但所佔比重卻漸漸下降，顯示香港華商的服務對象趨向國際化，這段時期可說是香港進出口貿易的黃金時代。華商除擁有資金外，也是香港房地產的主要擁有者。這些商人營商手腕靈活，他們的商業聯繫更是外籍商人望塵莫及。華商控制了中國和東南亞的貿易，並漸漸主宰香港的工業。1910 年九廣鐵路竣工，把香港和中國及國際市場連繫起來，對本地工業的原料進口和製品出口均有莫大裨益，更進一步刺激了香港的工業發展。華人經濟地位的上升，反映在炫富消費的增加。自20 世紀初期起，由澳洲回來的創業家先後於上環創辦先施及永安等大型百貨公司。顧客可在這些公司購買幾乎任何的歐美貨品，如英國生產的西裝和皮鞋、法國的香檳、美國的留聲機、瑞士的朱古力，乃至古巴的雪茄和日本的和服。炫富消費增華人仍被歧視華商雖然財雄勢大，不過與其他居港的華人一樣，在各方面仍面對英國根深柢固的種族歧視觀念。英國在港實施的政策中，種族隔離的意圖相當清晰，除以法令形式規範華洋交往及居住地區外，英人還以各種藉口加強這方面的政策，例如不准華人加入香港會及賽馬會、明令華人和歐亞混血兒不能居於山頂、一些高級酒店的房間不讓華人踏足，甚至認為華洋學童一起上課，正值成長期的歐籍兒童，其道德和品格形成均會受到損害，因而要求設立歐籍兒童學校。當時大多數歐籍居民都不自覺地相信，香港的命運全繫於他們身上，因此他們的身心健康比一切來得重要，為此華人只得遷就、馴服。諷刺的是，即使傳教士都懷有近似的想法，港府遂於長洲劃出地段專供這些上帝僕人度假之用，一些華人領袖如劉鑄伯亦不得不對此表示震驚、失望。以上種種當然進一步加深華洋之間的鴻溝，也加劇雙方仇恨和不安情緒。香港發展新階段面對歧視，較富裕的華人和歐亞混血兒的反應是建立他們的商會、會所和學校，包括華商會所、中華游樂會，以及聖士提反書院，後者設立的目的原是防止學童因「社會和道德背景迥異家庭不加區別地雜處一起」。由於一戰的主要戰場不在亞洲，即使戰後英國元氣大傷，卻因居港華人無法親睹當地困窘，英人戰後仍可一切依舊，在港延續殖民及帝國式管治。及至1941 年日軍侵港，隨�守軍在華人眼底下向日軍投降、歐籍居民進入拘留營，戰前歐人高高在上的形象，終於一去不返，香港的發展自此進入新階段。文．高添強 圖．高添強提供作者簡介高添強，香港歷史及歷史照片研究者，古物諮詢委員會成員，近著《彩色香港1940s-1960s》。著有（包括合編）《香港今昔》、《街角?人情：香港砵甸乍街以西》、《香港走過的道路》、《九巴同行八十年》等。mini storage

台南梅花盛開惹人潮

【中央社台南三十一日電】連日低溫使得台南梅嶺風景區梅花進入盛開期，迷你倉吸引不少賞花遊客。當地業者預估近兩周花開得最多、最美，人潮隨之而來。 由南一八八線道路進入梅嶺風景區一帶後，已可聞到淡淡梅花香，不少餐飲業者的梅園中梅花盛開，甚至開始可看到少量較早綻開的梅花開始凋謝，白色花瓣慢慢飄落，有如下雪美景。 梅嶺休閒農業區推動委員會副主委陳居峰今天表示，今年梅嶺的梅樹幾乎沒有受到颱風影響，加上開花期前正好遇上冷鋒報到、降下一點冬雨，枝頭上的花苞mini storage下子冒出不少。這幾天氣溫一降低，從高海拔到中海拔一帶的梅花陸續進入盛開期。 陳居峰指出，從二十八日起就有大量賞梅遊客趁著周休假期上山；加上有些民�刻意把休假排在這兩天，與明天的元旦假日連在一起，他經營的梅子雞餐廳昨天中午大客滿，忙到沒時間休息，今天人還是很多。他說，今年的花況可說是近四、五年來最理想的一次，花期正常、數量也多，預估盛開期會維持到一月中旬；較低海拔地區的梅樹，可能到農曆年節時還有花朵。賞花民�不妨安排在平常日上山賞花，避免塞車。 self storage

SUN驚奇：出租家居網絡洩私隱一身蟻

只要借出家中網絡一星期，迷你倉無需工作，即可獲八百元報酬？近日網上多個討論區出現帖子，有廣告公司邀請居於唐樓或村屋的電腦用家化身「監督員」，只要借出家中網絡，讓他們擺放手提電腦，一星期後即可獲八百元報酬，吸引不少市民參與。雖然該公司聲稱電腦只會用於網上廣告用途，絕不違法。惟電腦專家警告，由於有關做法動機不明，讓他們安裝電腦於家中，等同引狼入室，隨時被盜用個人資料，或被用作收黑錢等網上罪行。法律界人士則指，如家中網絡被用作網上罪行，屋主同樣需要負上刑責。「無需工作，一星期HKD800！」本港多個網上討論區，近日出現由一間網絡廣告公司發出的帖子，聲稱聘請「監督員」，歡迎村屋或唐樓居民應徵。監督員工作簡單，只要讓該公司職員上門，擺放一部手提電腦並連線，確保電腦於一星期內正常運作，即可安坐家中，輕易「袋走」八百大元。討論帖發出短短數天，已惹起很多網民關注及回應。記者按討論帖提供的聯絡方法，與該公司職員聯絡，一名自稱姓李的男子回覆時聲稱，他們從事網絡公司廣告生意，需要利用不同網際網絡協定位址（IP位址），註冊大量社交網站帳號，用作廣告或宣傳，絕不違法。他又指因網絡供應商會向村屋或唐樓用戶提供更多網際網絡協定位址，故以這些住戶作主要對象。「你唔做大把人做」記者佯裝有興趣相約會面。會面時，他攜帶了一部手提電腦，卻不願展示電腦內裝有甚麼程式，也拒絕透露公司名稱，只謂「我�寫�個程式，mini storage自動不斷開新�社交網站帳戶，只要你�一周內，提供足夠�電力同穩定網絡，就無問題。」被問及安全問題時，他大派定心丸指從事的活動絕對正當，事後必定「無手尾跟」，又展示電話內大量對話，稱已有多人完成工作取得款項，「你唔做，大把人爭住做！」「我從來都無聽過有人用呢�方法去開社交網站帳戶，估計佢�有機會利用唔同�IP位址，從事其他活動。」香港電腦保安事故協調中心高級顧問梁兆昌擔心，有不法人士及其他倣效者或會利用市民家用網絡作平台，作出不誠實行為，甚至網絡攻擊等非法行為。倘涉罪行如同謀香港專業教育學院（屯門）資訊及通訊科技系系主任梁秉雄則稱，借出IP位址的做法非常危險，若不法人士有心犯案，除利用網絡作非法行為外，更有可能入侵借出者的個人電腦，盜取銀行帳戶等個人資料，「因為佢部電腦同屋主部電腦，用緊同一個網絡上網，兩部電腦�同一防火牆內，雙方�防�非常薄弱，對方可輕易入侵屋主部電腦，盜取各樣帳戶、密碼同通訊錄等資料。」執業大律師陸偉雄指，借用他人網絡做犯罪行為，警方定會追查到IP位址，屋主亦要「上身」，「就算證明到當時係由其他人犯罪，但因屋主收取酬勞，加上無完全了解對方用途，就畀佢�使用網絡，亦會被視為同謀。」他續稱，同謀的嚴重性與主謀無異，干犯不誠實使用電腦，最高會被判監五年，串謀訛騙最高刑罰更是監禁十四年，切勿貪小便宜而誤墮法網。記者曾聯絡有關公司職員，但至截稿前未獲回覆。儲存

Opportunities glimmer through China's toxic smog

迷你倉出租 未能提供文字內容。.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1394358/opportunities-glimmer-through-chinas-toxic-smog迷你倉

LifeFlight: Helicopter ambulance praised as a lifesaver

Source: Pittsburgh Post-GazetteDec.儲存倉 31--They didn't just save her life; they brought her back from the dead.One minute, Catherine Fielding was taking in a brilliant June day from the back of a motorcycle on a country road in Butler County. The next thing she knew, she was lying on the pavement bleeding to death."I don't really remember a whole lot about the accident," said Ms. Fielding, 48, who lives in Gibsonia. "I do remember after the accident I was on the pavement. ... I just kept saying: 'My legs, my legs. I can't move my legs.' "Her boyfriend, John Leddy, lost control of the motorcycle in a curve on Route 68 near Chicora on June 10, 2012."I guess I went spread-eagled into the guard rail and literally ripped my left leg off. I was bleeding out on the scene," Ms. Fielding said.Ms. Fielding, who eventually lost two legs as a result of her injuries, doesn't remember her ride in the air ambulance operated by Allegheny Health Network's LifeFlight program. LifeFlight marked its 35th anniversary this year, making it the oldest hospital-based service in the Northeast and among the first cadre of such services in the U.S., according to the Association of Air Medical Services, an international trade group.Ms. Fielding knows, however, that but for the quick ride to Allegheny General Hospital's trauma center, she wouldn't be among the living."If LifeFlight wasn't there as quick as they were, I would have died. I died three times; they brought me back," she said.'Lousy' topographyGetting critically injured patients like Ms. Fielding to lifesaving emergency care as quickly as possible without having to navigate Pittsburgh's network of bridges, tunnels, traffic and terrain was what a longtime Allegheny General nurse and supervisor, Mildred Fincke, started pushing for when she came back from a 1975 conference in Denver, where the first non-military hospital-based helicopter service had been founded three years earlier at St. Anthony's Hospital."I was very fascinated by this helicopter program and thought we needed something like that in Pittsburgh because we have this topography that's so lousy," said Ms. Fincke, 87, an Etna native who eventually became the hospital's vice president of nursing and at the time also served as president of a national emergency nurses association.Amid initiatives to make Allegheny General the home of the first dedicated trauma intensive care unit in the state, get a nurse-practitioner program off the ground and upgrade emergency services all around, she enlisted the help of John Self, the LifeFlight coordinator for Hermann Hospital in Houston, Texas, to bring air medical transport to Pittsburgh.Her supervisors were skeptical, telling her it would be expensive. "I know it is," Ms. Fincke says she told them. "But you have to think of the person who's going to be surviving."She was so convinced of the need in Western Pennsylvania that she threatened to take the idea and herself to Mercy Hospital if Allegheny General wouldn't put up the money.It took a few years, but she finally got a call one day from her boss, Harold "Hal" Sanders, a longtime vice president at the hospital who died in 2012."He called me at 4 p.m. and said 'Millie, you got your program. But if this doesn't go through, you better start looking for a new job,' " Ms. Fincke said. "I don't bet on anything. ... I knew we were going to have LifeFlight and we were going to be the first trauma center in Pittsburgh."Birth of air ambulancesMs. Fincke described the emergency services of 35 years ago as "archaic." It was an era before ambulance and rescue companies were ubiquitous in rural areas and before automated external defibrillators to treat cardiac arrest were commonplace.A 1966 white paper by the National Academy of Sciences had called accidental death and disability, particularly from car crashes, "the neglected disease of modern society."The paper, which called attention to the lack of coordinated response to injuries and the failure to adapt the military helicopter ambulances used in Vietnam and Korea to civilian needs, also "contributed substantially" to the development of the modern emergency-medical system and trauma care, according to the MedEvac Foundation, a charitable arm of the AAMS.LifeFlight's arrival in Pittsburgh in 1978 with a single French Aloutte helicopter foreshadowed an era of explosive growth nationwide in air medical services.By 1980, there were 32 helicopter emergency-medical programs flying more than 17,000 patients a year, the AAMS says. By 1990, that number grew to 174 services with 231 helicopters flying nearly 160,000 patients.Today, there are about 800 medical helicopters transporting about 400,000 patients a year in the United States, according to the AAMS.LifeFlight operates five helicopters out of five bases positioned strategically across Western Pennsylvania to reduce flight times to accident scenes or outlying hospitals. The service, composed of 18 pilots, 43 nurses and one chief flight nurse, seven dispatchers and eight mechanics, transports patients within a 130-mile radius that includes a population of 4 million people in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio and Maryland."There are thousands of people who have been saved by it," said James Palafoutas, Allegheny General's director of pre-hospital operations, including LifeFlight迷你倉最平 Mr. Palafoutas' niece is among that number, transported by a LifeFlight helicopter after an ATV accident.Cathy Fackovec, vice president of operations for Allegheny General, said about 30 percent to 40 percent of LifeFlight's approximately 2,400 flights a year are from the scenes of traumatic injury.The rest are hospital-to-hospital transfers taking patients to get specialized services or procedures that aren't available at their local facility.With more than 70,000 flights in 35 years, Ms. Fackovec says, LifeFlight has never had a crash or other incident that resulted in a serious injury, and the focus on safety has only increased, with better equipment like night-vision goggles and ground-proximity warning systems available.A lot of rewardLifeFlight is the first, but not the only medical helicopter service in the area -- UPMC utilizes STAT MedEvac, a carrier operated by the Center for Emergency Medicine of Western Pennsylvania, a multi-hospital consortium. However, what sets LifeFlight apart, according to Allegheny General, is the composition of its flight crews and their training. LifeFlight puts two registered nurses on each helicopter, whereas a nurse-paramedic pairing is more common for other air medical services."Our nurses have to have five years of critical-care experience before they can even qualify for this job. ... I have an excellent group of people to work with. It makes it easier to roll new things out," said Peter S. Martin, LifeFlight's medical director since 2002. "We're critical-care transport. It's not just flying in a helicopter."Before being considered for the job, applicants must be registered nurses with either a pre-hospital nursing certification or a paramedic certification. They are also required to have an alphabet soup of other credentials: ACLS (Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support), PHTLS (Pre-Hospital Trauma Life Support) and PALS, (Pediatric Advanced Life Support). Dr. Martin said additional advanced nursing certifications, such as flight nurse or critical care, are preferred and it's rare that LifeFlight hires candidates without them.Consequently, the jobs are hard to get and rarely come open except by retirement.Of the 43 nurses currently with the program, only six have been hired in the last 11 years, Dr. Martin said."It's not just a job, it's an honor," said Elaine Hruby, 51, of Belle Vernon, who has been a LifeFlight nurse since 1995 and works out of the Rostraver base. "I learn something every day."The experience requirements give LifeFlight's nurses the flexibility to begin treating patients on the scene or in the air as they see fit."We are very autonomous. We can treat the patient and get them situated without having to call back," said Kellie Chapman, a 45-year-old flight nurse from Carnegie who was transporting a farmer injured in an accident in Indiana County to Allegheny General last month.The flight nurses work two 24-hour shifts a week, eating and sleeping at the bases spread throughout the area, and have to be prepared to jump into the helicopter at a moment's notice."There's a sense of excitement, anxiety," said Kim Marshall, a 42-year-old LifeFlight nurse from Cranberry. "The hardest part is in the middle of the night when it wakes you up. You really have to go from being fast asleep, sound asleep, to being ready in five minutes and saving someone's life."The pilots and maintenance crew for LifeFlight's helicopters are provided by Metro Aviation, based in Shreveport, La."It's got ups and downs," said Michael McCann, a 58-year-old retired Army pilot, giving the standard joke about flying helicopters for a living.Mr. McCann, who has been with LifeFlight for 25 years and was working out of the Greensburg-Jeannette Airport last month, said unlike many other civilian flying jobs, he might be taking off for somewhere completely new at any time of day or night, in varying weather conditions, and landing in a wide variety of settings -- from cornfields to rooftops to highways."There's a lot of reward in this job, knowing that we're making a difference," Mr. McCann said. "We get to see a lot of people that we've flown."As Ms. Fielding was recuperating from her injuries, which required more than 30 surgeries and months in the hospital, she says a LifeFlight crew member did just that, stopping into her room and presenting her with a hat."They call me their little miracle," Ms. Fielding said. "Without them I wouldn't be here."A few days before Christmas, Ms. Fielding was packing up her car, which she can drive herself with no special equipment despite her two prostheses, for a trip to her winter house in Ocala, Fla. There, she can load her grandchildren on her scooter for a trip to a neighbor's pool, and the weather causes her less nerve pain."I'm alive and I do just fine," she said. "I was independent before the accident and I still am."Some people in the therapy groups she has participated in take the loss of a limb as the end of the world, but Ms. Fielding, a office worker, called her current life "a gift.""You can't be promised every day. 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